E.M.Hajizadeh

ALTERNATIVITY OF TURNING OF CARBOHYDROGEN RESOURCES INTO NUCLEAR POTENTIAL CONSTANT PROVISION OF ENERGETIC SECURITY

In Azerbaijan the energetic production is realized by use of carbohydrogen petrol. Though carbohydrogen resources are much according to exhaustion of resources such process is not endless. The surplus factor of carbohydrogen has made inevitable of establishment of National oil Fund in the republic. Here transformation process has been based on establishment of new production activity providing the occupation and forming finance beside social invest, capital collection. But the reality is that the economic problems in the rows of production factors especially in energy resources aren’t possible to solve with financial capital. On the other hand financial capital is inclined to high inflation as compared with infrastructure and production capital. That’s why the necessity of the mobilization of establishment of sources turning many parts of capital of National Oil Fund into continuous energy provider of the republic appears.

The construction of the stations of nuclear energy production is considered against from global and strategic point of view in provision of continuity.

The useful progress limitation in connection with technologic perfection, profitability and other specific problems doesn’t prevent in the direction of widening of the use form energy sources establishing in consolidation of the world energy security in near and middle perspective. So, rivers, thermal sources aren’t adequate for continuous energy provision of planet.

The chances of the use from energy of the wind, sea and oceans are far. The solution of the problems of  expenses, rational generation, technological primitiveness in connection with the sun energy demands very serious searches. The nuclear energy strategy is insisting its superiority on aspect of profitability, inexhaustibility and technical safety.

At present 15500 TBts electric energy is produced. In this balance the resources within carbohydrogen fixing have many parts. There is no going out of 1/3 of the world people for electric energy and 1/3 of them is limited. The limitations are inclined to decrease every year. On the other hand the requirement increase exists. For prognosis, the requirement for electric energy will increase 3 times in 2050. But consumption increase  won’t be more than 2 times. For information of the International Energy Agency ( IIEA ), the oil extraction will decrease in 2030 in the world, the increase year will be in 2010. It is shown that carbohydrogen era will loose its importance near 30-50 years. It will be replaced by nuclear energy.

Nuclear energy is produced in Atomic Electric Stations ( AES ), AES construction-nuclear reactor is Heat Electric Station ( HES ) typical. The raw material of HES forms uran is calculated 1.5 mln. Tons and mainly is gathered in North America, Australia, Brasilia, South Africa and in Russia, Besides it, the essentiality of 0.9 mln. Tons of uran resources are supposed.

AES system forms a main part of the energetic balance of some countries. So, at present oil isn’t used in France electric energy production. Here AES gives 77.7% of electric energy of the country, Litva loads to AES strategy. In energy production Ukraine (45%), German (32%), Japan (25%), England (23.7%), USA (19.3%) and Russia (16.5%) are different for the part importance of AES.

This part got new improved temps in People’s Republic of China forms 2.2%.This part is 35% at the expense of one AES in Armenia. The position in connection with nuclear energy was depressed in 90-th years of the last century. There were bases of this depression. The dangerous fright of Chernobyl tragedy calms down the belief to AES, draws in obscurity the full use perspective from atomic energy. The accident happened in the same AES is an unique reactor case resulting in human sacrifice. This accident has damaged very seriously to nuclear energetic reputation. The reactors aren’t provided over external protective system preventing nuclear wastes in accident position. Such reactors aren’t licensed. After a great terror attack occurring in September of 2001 in USA nuclear reactor operators and corresponding governments strength the protection of nuclear constructions. At present in some industrial countries though the olds resist against AES strategy, but process continues its improvement. So in Switzerland in 2003 the held referendum answered negatively to AES closing. In Switzerland 80% of people want to be continued and widened the exploitation of AES. The investigations show that 2/3 of the USA people stand up for atomic energy, ¼ of Japanese like this opinion.

There is much different superiority beside dangerous factors of nuclear energy production. So, nuclear reactors don’t let go gases of “greenhouse”, don’t form ash and soot and don’t separate gases of “acid rains” damaging the lakes, seas and forests. One gram uran gives energy equaling to the energy of 3 tons of coal. If the world AES is replaced by the stations working with coal then 600 mln tons of additional coal will be necessary and environment will get 2 mlrd tons of carbonic gas, 30 mln tons of nitrogen-oxide, 50 mln tons of sulphur and 4 mln tons of flying ash. The exploitation of the AES gives a chance to economize 400 mln tons of oil every year. The use of nuclear reactors for electric energy increases the importance of prevention of global warming and climate changes. Organic petrol kinds spend “secret” subsidies on the basis of violation of environment. Nuclear energetic doesn’t require the state subsidies for the continuous development. The nuclear industry is an unique area that takes all the responsibilities and puts in connection with them on product expenditure. Nuclear energy possesses differentiate chance with the competition ability in the condition of fair equality according to social factors and fine for wastes, tax putting of all the energy sources. The estimation of nuclear petrol is constant and doesn’t stand in a high position of production expenses of configurations. The capacity of nuclear energy wastes is little and its local ling chance is large. AES is used for water crystallized. It is known that the provision of 30% of people with sweet water is not a normal level .The sweet water problem is one of the biological-social problems in some countries. Crystallized and transformation process of water is energy capacity. The specialists consider that nuclear energy will take part in water crystallized process. Energy independence and energy security is an important problem for Azerbaijan Republic. Within rich energetic resources. Though there are 1-2 mlrd tons of oil, 1-1.5 trld m3 of gas, 25-27 mln tons of coal, 400-450 mln tons of burning shale resources in Azerbaijan, these resources are exhausted aspects as pointed. At present production configuration of 5 thous.of general power, 4 thous.of real power activating in a number of 5 SES and 10 IES within 90:10, the production of electric energy within annual 23-25 mlrd kVt hours is not in a quality of providing over perspective. Today 500 Mvt general power insufficiencies in electric energy provision of the republic exists. In order to get new powers and to prognosticate perspectives it is necessary to form consolidation of essential potential energy resources, conception of energetic, security and national energetic strategy.

The idea of AES is not a new phenomenon for Azerbaijan. It is known that AES construction was in the line of the main plans of the central government during the USSR time. Process entered the concrete realizing period. With the same purpose estimate finance documents over the project have been prepared and definite buildings and houses are constructed in Navai zone near  Ali-Bayramli. This case shows that AES construction possesses strategic importance in Azerbaijan differing by perspective carbohydrogen resources. This strategy is considered acceptable in spite of high seismic factor. Not showing seismic factor and richness of carbohydrogen the experts of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) give a positive recommendation to AES construction in 49-th cession holding in Vienna in 2005.Agency begins to collaborate with the Ministry of Industry and energy with the purpose of the useful investigation of energy source for the country and fulfillment of the projects called “Definition of perspective and calculation of the energy balance in Azerbaijan”. All the energy sources, including perspectives connecting in nuclear energy will be noticed and their influence on environment will be studied.

In Azerbaijan questions and contrasts connecting with AES strategy may be much. The main questions are connected with the system security. If we turn important opposite argument of the situation in Azerbaijan active seismic zone and this aspect into obstacle base of our purposes we shall not be able to step in corresponding direction.

What will AES strategy give to Azerbaijan? Here the qualities can be branched, made thinnest. The main criterion is a problem of the energy security. Each block within 500 MVt with 2 blocks-1000 MVt AES construction will be in payment chance of 20% of energy requirement of the republic. Here there is power increase. The rationality will occupy the followings:

• AES is a system within the scientific-technical capacity. This strategy will enrich our national scientific base by the investigations of nuclear physics. In our country the increase of competition ability of the education system, formation of other corresponding scientific centers, “Nuclear physics” of Research Institute will be inevitable, new fundamental principles in the areas of high technologies will be formed.
• AES strategy will bring either political power to the republic. The authority and perfection of the country will increase in integration will the international groups.
• The institutional changes will be inevitable by AES strategy. This system will be accompanied by the formation of infrastructural establishment, phenomenal of new normative-legal statements.
• AES strategy is effective from the city and region formation point of view. The zone and country occupation will become mild, the progress of social sphere will be effected, economic power will be increased by means of AES strategy.
• AES strategy will improve the ecological protection and mobilize it.

The construction problem and raw material aspect must not bring difficulty. There are specialized contractor groups in the world. The country realizing the project takes the provision by raw material upon itself and fulfils burying of nuclear wastes; IAEA experts realize the control on station work.

In what quantity and power can the problem of nuclear reactor and station be investigated?

It is considered that this power can vibrate between 1000-4000 MVt. The number of station may be one, but 2 and 3 in perspective situation.

Navai zone can be separated for AES, USSR based the adequate of this region. Among the other alternatives Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic and Gabala RLS can be noticed.

The important qualitative sign of AES strategy will be reflected in given surplus carbohydrogen resources to future generations in not only by money-value size, either by the physical energy form.

This initial investigation is priority and intention manifesto of the theoretic positions of a great conception. The conception formation, strategy work, projecting processes on this direction requires many investigation, scientific bases and practical work.

Literature

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115.Alternativity of turning of carbohydrogen resources into nuclear potential constant provision of energetic. Prosiding of the ninth baku international congress «energy, ecology, economy»/ International Ecoenergy Academy. Baku. 2007. (coaut hors - M.F.Hajizadeh). Baku. 2007. 0,5 v.q.